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<center>'''[[Usuario discusión:X4v13r3/file01|Archive]]'''</center>
Buenas tardes estimado amigo, en atreverse ayudar a está enciclopedia. Te envío unos concejos para que nos ayudes a seguir colaborando en está wikipedia.
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== Vocabulary ==
=== Forms and style ===
Chavacano (especially Zamboangueño) has two levels of usage for words: The common or familiar form and the formal form.
In the common or familiar form, words of local origin or a mixture of local and Spanish words predominate. The common or familiar form is used ordinarily when conversing with people of equal or lower status in society. It is also used more commonly in the family, with friends and acquaintances. Its use is of general acceptance and usage.
In the formal form, words of Spanish origin or Spanish words predominate. The formal form is used especially when conversing with people of higher status in society. It is also used when conversing with elders (especially in the family and with older relatives) and those in authority. It is more commonly used by older generations, by Zamboangueño mestizos, and in the barrios. It is the form used in speeches, education, media, and writing.
The following examples show a contrast between the usage of formal words and common or familiar words in Chavacano:
{| class="wikitable"
!English
!Chavacano (Formal)
!Chavacano (Common/Familiar)
!Spanish
|-
|slippery
|resbalozo/resbaladizo
|malandug
|resbaladizo
|-
|rice
|morisqueta
|canon
|arroz
|-
|rain
|lluvia/aguacero
|aguacero
|aguacero/lluvia
|-
|dish
|vianda/comida
|comida
|vianda/comida
|-
|braggart/boastful
|orgulloso(a)
|hambuguero(a)/bugalon(a)
|orgulloso(a)
|-
|car
|coche
|auto
|coche/auto
|-
|housemaid
|muchacho (m)/muchacha (f)
|ayudante/ayudanta
|muchacha(o)
|-
|father
|papá
|tata
|papá
|-
|mother
|mamá
|nana
|mamá
|-
|grandfather
|abuelo
|abuelo/lolo
|abuelo/lolo
|-
|grandmother
|abuela
|abuela/lola
|abuela/lela
|-
|small
|chico(a)/pequeño(a)
|pequeño(a)/diutay
|pequeño/chico
|-
|nuisance
|fastidio
|malihug
|fastidio
|-
|hard-headed
|testarudo
|duro cabeza/duro pulso
|testarudo
|-
|slippers
|chancla
|chinelas
|chancla/chinelas
|-
|married
|de estado/de estao
|casado/casao
|casado
|-
|(my) parents
|(mis) padres
|(mi) tata y nana
|(mis) padres
|-
|naughty
|travieso(a)
|salawayun
|desagradable
|-
|slide
|rezbalasa/deslizar
|landug
|resbalar/deslizar
|-
|ugly
|feo (masculine)/fea (feminine)
|mala cara
|feo(a)
|-
|rainshower
|lluve
|tali-ti
|lluvia
|-
|lightning
|rayo
|quirlat
|rayo
|-
|thunder/thunderstorm
|trueno
|trueno
|trueno
|-
|tornado
|tornado/remolino
|ipo-ipo
|tornado/remolino
|-
|thin (person)
|delgado(a)/flaco(a)/chiquito(a)
|flaco(a)
|delgado/flaco
|}
===Examples===
==== Months, days, numbers, and phrases ====
Names of months, days, and numbers in Chavacano are the same as in Spanish:
{| class="wikitable"
!English
!Spanish
!Chavacano
|-
|January
|enero
|Enero
|-
|February
|febrero
|Febrero
|-
|March
|marzo
|Marzo
|-
|April
|abril
|Abril
|-
|May
|mayo
|Mayo
|-
|June
|junio
|Junio
|-
|July
|julio
|Julio
|-
|August
|agosto
|Agosto
|-
|September
|septiembre
|Septiembre
|-
|October
|octubre
|Octubre
|-
|November
|noviembre
|Noviembre
|-
|December
|diciembre
|Diciembre
|-
|Monday
|lunes
|Lunes
|-
|Tuesday
|martes
|Martes
|-
|Wednesday
|miércoles
|Miercoles
|-
|Thursday
|jueves
|Jueves
|-
|Friday
|viernes
|Viernes
|-
|Saturday
|sábado
|Sabado
|-
|Sunday
|domingo
|Domingo
|-
|one
|uno
|uno
|-
|ten
|diez
|diez
|-
|hundred
|cien
|ciento
|-
|five hundred
|quinientos
|quinientos
|-
|one o'clock
|Es la una
|a la una
|-
|five o'clock
|Son las cinco
|a las cinco
|-
|now
|ahora
|ahora
|-
|today
|hoy (''or'' este día)
|este dia
|-
|tomorrow
|mañana
|mañana
|-
|this afternoon
|esta tarde
|este tarde
|-
|on the street
|en la calle
|na calle/na camino
|-
|on the table
|sobre la mesa
|encima mesa/na la mesa
|-
|in the room
|en el cuarto
|adentro cuarto
|-
|the door
|la puerta
|el puerta
|-
|one peso
|un peso
|un peso
|-
|twenty centavos
|una peseta
|un peseta
|-
|good
|bueno
|bueno
|-
|better
|mejor
|mejor
|-
|best
|el mejor (de)
|el de todo mejor/el mejor de todo
|}
==== Persons and relations ====
{| class="wikitable"
!English
!Formal
!Familiar
!Common
|-
|Mr./Mrs.
| Señor/Señora
| Ñor/Ñora
|
|-
|Father
| Padre
| Papa
| Táta
|-
|Mother
| Madre
| Mama
| Nána
|-
|Grandfather
| Abuelo
| Lolô
|
|-
|Grandmother
| Abuela
| Lolâ
|
|-
|Grandfather-in-law
| Aguelo
| Aguelo
|
|-
|Grandmother-in-law
| Aguela
| Aguela
|
|-
|Granduncle
| Tio-Abuelo
| Tio-Abuelo
|
|-
|Grandaunt
| Tia-abuela
| Tia-abuela
|
|-
|Uncle/Aunt
| Tío/Tía
| Tío/Tía
|
|-
|Godfather
| Padrino
| Paninoy
| Ninong
|-
|Godmother
| Madrina
| Maninay
| Ninang
|-
|Son/Daughter
| Hijo/Hija
| Hijo/Hija
| Anac
|-
|Elder Brother
| Hermano mayor
| Manó
| Manong
|-
|Elder Sister
| Hermana mayor
| Maná
| Manang
|-
|Brother/Sister
| Hermano/Hermana
|
|
|-
|Cousin(s)
| Primo(s)/Prima(s)
|
|
|-
|Nephew(s)
| Sobrino(s)/Sobrina(s)
|
|
|-
|Child(ren)
| Niño/Niña o Niños
| Batâ (maga)
|
|-
|Grandchildren
| Nieto/Nieta
|
|
|-
|Godson/Goddaughter
| Ahijado/Ahijada
| Hijao/Hijada
|
|-
|Brother-in-law/Sister-in-law
| Cuñado/Cuñada
| Cuñao/Cuñada
|
|-
|Father/Mother-in-law
| Suegro/Suegra
|
|
|-
|Father and Godfather
| Compadre
| Paré
|
|-
|Mother and Godmother
| Comadre
| Maré
|
|-
|Opposite Parents of a Couple
| Balahí
|
|
|-
|Husband(s) of Sister(s)
| Concuño(s)
|
|
|-
|Wife(ves) of brother(s)
| Concuña(s)
|
|
|-
|Husband and Wife
| Marido y Mujer
|
|
|-
|Doctor and Patient
| Doctor y Paciente
|
|
|-
|Lawyer and Cliento
| Abogado y Cliente
| Abogao y Cliente
|
|-
|Teacher and Pupil
| Maestro y Dicipulo
|
|
|-
|Lender and Borrower
| Prestamista y Deudor
|
|-
|Landlord and Tenant
| Propietario y Inquilino
|
|
|-
|Son/Daughter-in-law
| Yerno/Yerna
|
|
|-
|Single man/woman
| Soltero/Soltera
|
|
|-
|Very young maiden
| Dalaguita, Dalaguinguing
|
|
|-
|Young maiden
| Dalaga/Dalaguita
|
|
|-
|Sweetheart
| Novio/Novia
|
|
|-
|Friend(s)
| Amigo(s)/Amiga(s)
|
|
|-
|Companion o Mate (classmate/officemate/''et al.'')
| Compañero(s)/Compañera(s)
|
|
|-
|Pal/Chum
| Barcada
|
|
|-
|Enemy
| Enemigo
|
|
|-
|Opponent
| Contrario
|
|
|-
|Partner
| Socio
|
|-
|Acquaintance
| Conocido
|
|
|-
|Stranger
| Desconocido/Estranijero
|
|
|-
|Foreigner
| Estranijero
|
|
|-
| Visitor
| Visita
|
|
|-
|Guest
| Invitado
| Invitao
|
|-
|Landlady
| Casera
|
|
|-
|Boarder
| Pupilo
|
|
|-
|Boss, Employer
| Ámo
|
|
|-
|Chief
| Jefe
|
|-
|In-charge
| Encargado
| Encargao
|
|-
|Manager
| Maniñger
|
|
|-
|Foreman
| Capataz
|
|
|-
|Employee
| Empleado
| Empleao
|
|-
|Worker
| Trabajador/Trabajadora
|
|-
|Laborer
| Obrero
|
|
|-
|Day laborer
| Jornalero
|
|
|-
|Helper
| Ayudante/Ayudanta
|
|
|-
| Salesman/Salesboy, Saleslady/Salesgirl
| Tendero/Tendera
|
|
|-
|Messenger
| Mensajero/Mensajera
|
|
|-
|Servant
| Sirviente/Sirvienta
| Muchacho/Muchacha
| Atchay
|}
=== Diphthongs ===
No llevan acentos como casí todas las palabras en Chavacano.
{| class="wikitable"
!Letters
!Pronunciation
!Example
!Significant
|-
|'''ae'''
| aye
| cae
| fall, to fall
|-
|'''ai'''
| ayi
| caido
| fallen, fell
|-
|'''ao'''
| aow
| cuidao
| take care, cared
|-
|'''ea'''
| eya
| patea
| kick, to kick
|-
|'''ei'''
| eyi
| rei
| king
|-
|'''eo'''
| eyo
| video
| video
|-
|'''ia'''
| iya
| advertencia
| warning, notice
|-
|'''ie'''
| iye
| cien(to)
| one hundred, hundred
|-
|'''io'''
| iyo
| cancion
| song
|-
|'''iu'''
| iyu
| saciut
| to move the hips a little
|-
|'''uo'''
| ow
| instituo
| institute
|-
|'''qu'''
| ke
| que
| what, that, than
|-
|'''gu'''
| strong gi
| guia
| to guide, guide
|-
|'''ua'''
| uwa
| agua
| water
|-
|'''ue'''
| uwe
| cuento
| story
|-
|'''ui'''
| uwi
| cuida
| care, to take care
|-
|'''oi'''
| oye
| oi
| hear, to hear
|}
== Grammar ==
=== Simple sentence structure (Verb-Subject-Object word order) ===
Chavacano is a language with the [[Verb Subject Object]] sentence order. This is because it follows the Tagalog and Cebuano grammatical structures. However, the [[Subject Verb Object]] order does exist in Chavacano but only for emphasis purposes (see below). New generations have been slowly and vigorously using the S-V-O pattern mainly because of the influence of the English language. These recent practices have been most prevalent and evident in the mass media particularly among Chavacano newswriters who translate news leads from English or Tagalog to Chavacano where the "who" is emphasized more than the "what". Because the mass media represent "legitimacy", it is understood by Chavacano speakers (particularly Zamboangueños) that the S-V-O sentence structure used by Chavacano journalists is standardized.
==== Declarative affirmative sentences in the simple present, past, and future tenses ====
Chavacano generally follows the simple Verb-Subject-Object or Verb-Object-Subject sentence structure typical of Tagalog and Cebuano in declarative affirmative sentences:
:'''Ta compra''' (verb) '''el maga/mana negociante''' (subject) '''con el tierra''' (object).
:'''Ta compra''' (verb) '''tierra''' (object) '''el maga/mana negociante''' (subject).
::Tagalog: Bumibili (verb) ang mga negosyante (subject) ng lupa (object).
::Tagalog: Bumibili (verb) ng lupa (object) ang mga negosyante (subject).
:::(‘The businessmen are buying land.’)
The subject always appears after the verb, and in cases where prenominal subjects (such as personal pronouns) are used in sentences, they will never occur before the verb:
:'''Ya anda yo na iglesia en denantes'''.
::(‘I went to church a while ago.’)
==== Declarative negative sentences in the simple present, past, and future tenses ====
When the predicate of the sentence is negated, Chavacano uses the words '''jendeh''' (from Tagalog or Cebuano ’hindi’ which means ’no’) to negate the verb in the present tense, '''no hay''' (which means ’not’) to negate the verb that was supposed to happen in the past, and '''jendeh''' or '''nunca''' (which means ’no’ or ’never’) to negate the verb that will not or will never happen in the future respectively. This manner of negating the predicate always happens in the Verb-Subject-Object or Verb-Object-Subject sentence structure:
Present Tense
:'''Jendeh ta compra''' (verb) '''el maga/mana negociante''' (subject) '''con el tierra''' (object).
:'''Jendeh ta compra''' (verb) '''tierra''' (object) '''el maga/mana negociante''' (subject).
::(Eng: The businessmen are not buying land. Span: Los hombres de negocio no están comprando terreno)
Past Tense
:'''No hay compra''' (verb) '''el maga/mana negociante''' (subject) '''con el tierra''' (object).
:'''No hay compra''' (verb) '''tierra''' (object) '''el maga/mana negociante''' (subject).
::(Eng: The businessmen did not buy land. Span: Los hombres de negocio no compraron terreno)
Future Tense
:'''Jendeh hay compra''' (verb) '''el maga/mana negociante''' (subject) '''con el tierra''' (object).
:'''Jendeh hay compra''' (verb) '''tierra''' (object) '''el maga/mana negociante''' (subject).
::(Eng: The businessmen will not buy land. Span: Los hombres de negocio no comprarán terreno)
:'''Nunca hay compra''' (verb) '''el maga/mana negociante''' (subject) '''con el tierra''' (object).
:'''Nunca hay compra''' (verb) '''tierra''' (object) '''el maga/mana negociante''' (subject).
::(Eng: The businessmen will never buy land. Span: Los hombres de negocio nunca comprarán terreno)
The negator '''jendeh''' can appear before the subject in a Subject-Verb-Object structure to negate the subject rather than the predicate in the present, past, and future tenses:
Present Tense
:'''Jendeh el maga/mana negociante''' (subject) '''ta compra''' (verb) '''con el tierra''' (object) '''sino el maga/mana empleados'''.
::(Eng: It is not the businessmen who are buying land but the employees. Span: No es el hombre de negocio que están comprando terreno sino los empleados)
Past Tense
:'''Jendeh el maga/mana negociante''' (subject) '''ya compra''' (verb) '''con el tierra''' (object) '''sino el maga/mana empleados'''.
::(Eng: It was not the businessmen who bought the land but the employees. Span: No fue el hombre de negocio que compró el terreno sino los empleados)
Future Tense
:'''Jendeh el maga/mana negociante''' (subject) '''hay compra''' (verb) '''con el tierra''' (object) '''sino el maga/mana empleados'''.
::(Eng: It will not be the businessmen who will buy land but the employees. Span: No sería el hombre de negocio que comprará el terreno sino los empleados)
The negator '''nunca''' can appear before the subject in a Subject-Verb-Object structure to strongly negate (or denote impossibility) the subject rather than the predicate in the future tense:
Future Tense
:'''Nunca el maga/mana negociante''' (subject) '''hay compra''' (verb) '''con el tierra''' (object) '''sino el maga/mana empleados'''.
::(Eng: It will never be the businessmen who will buy land but the employees. Span: Nunca sería el hombre de negocio que comprará el terreno sino los empleados)
The negator '''no hay''' and '''nunca''' can also appear before the subject to negate the predicate in a Subject-Verb-Object structure in the past and future tenses respectively. Using '''nunca''' before the subject to negate the predicate in a Subject-Verb-Object structure denotes strong negation or impossibility for the subject to perform the action in the future:
Past Tense
:'''No hay el maga/mana negociante''' (subject) '''compra''' (verb) '''con el tierra''' (object).
::(Eng: The businessmen did not buy land. Span: el hombre de negocio no compró terreno)
Future Tense
:'''Nunca el maga/mana negociante''' (subject) '''hay compra''' (verb) '''con el tierra''' (object).
::(Eng: The businessmen will never buy land. Span: el hombre de negocio nunca comprará terreno)
=== Nouns and Articles ===
The Chavacano definite article '''el''' precedes a singular noun or a plural marker (for a plural noun). The indefinite article '''un''' stays constant for gender as 'una' has completely disappeared in Chavacano. It also stays constant for number as for singular nouns. In Chavacano, it is quite common for '''el''' and '''un''' to appear together before a singular noun, the former to denote certainty and the latter to denote number:
:'''el cajon''' (’the box’) - '''el maga/mana cajon(es)''' (’the boxes’)
:'''un soltero''' (’a bachelor’) - '''un soltera''' (’a spinster’)
:'''el un soltero''' (’the bachelor’) - '''el un soltera''' (’the spinster’)
Nouns in Chavacano are not always precedeed by articles. Without an article, a noun is a generic reference:
:'''Jendeh yo ta llora lagrimas sino sangre'''.
::(’I do not cry tears but blood’.)
:'''Ta carga yo palo'''.
::(’I am carrying wood’).
Proper names of persons are preceded by the defnite article '''si''' or the phrase '''un tal''' functioning as an indefinite article would:
:'''Si Maria es un bonita candidata'''.
::(’Maria is a beautiful candidate’.)
:'''un tal Juancho'''
::(’a certain Juancho’)
==== Singular nouns ====
Unlike Spanish, Chavacano [[nouns]] do not follow gender rules in general. In Zamboangueño, the [[article (grammar)|article]] 'el' basically precedes every singular noun. However, this rule is not rigid (especially in Zamboangueño) because the formal vocabulary mode wherein Spanish words predominate almost always is the preferred mode especially in writing. The Spanish article 'la' for feminine singular nouns do exist in Chavacano. When in doubt, the article 'el' is safe to use. Compare:
{| class="wikitable"
!English singular noun
!Chavacano singular noun (general and common)
!Chavacano singular noun (accepted or uncommon)
|-
|the virgin
|el virgen
|la virgen (accepted)
|-
|the peace
|el paz
|la paz (accepted)
|-
|the sea
|el mar
|la mar (accepted)
|-
|the cat
|el gato
|el gato (la gata is uncommon)
|-
|the sun
|el sol
|el sol
|-
|the moon
|el luna
|el luna (la luna is uncommon)
|-
|the view
|el vista
|la vista (accepted)
|-
|the tragedy
|el tragedia
|el tragedia (la tragedia is uncommon)
|-
|the doctor
|el doctor
|el doctora (la doctora is uncommon)
|}
And just like Spanish, Chavacano nouns can have gender but only when referring to persons. However, they are always masculine in the sense (Spanish context) that they are generally preceded by the article 'el'. Places and things are almost always masculine. The -o is dropped in masculine nouns and -a is added to make the noun feminine:
{| class="wikitable"
!English singular noun
!Chavacano singular noun (masculine)
!Chavacano singular noun (feminine)
|-
|the teacher
|el maestro
|el maestra
|-
|the witch
|el burujo
|el buruja
|-
|the engineer
|el engeniero
|el engeniera
|-
|the tailor/seamstress
|el sastrero
|el sastrera
|-
|the baby
|el niño
|el niña
|-
|the priest/nun
|el padre
|el madre
|-
|the grandson/granddaughter
|el nieto
|el nieta
|-
|the professor
|el profesor
|el profesora
|-
|the councilor
|el consejal
|el consejala
|}
Not all nouns referring to persons can become feminine nouns. In Chavacano, some names of persons are masculine (because of the preceding article 'el' in Spanish context) but do not end in -o.
:Examples: '''el alcalde''', '''el capitan''', '''el negociante''', '''el ayudante''', '''el chufer'''
All names of animals are always masculine—in Spanish context—preceded by the article 'el'.
:Examples: '''el gato''' (gata is uncommon), '''el puerco''' (puerca is uncommon), '''el perro''' (perra is uncommon)
Names of places and things can be either masculine or feminine, but they are considered masculine in the Spanish context because the article 'el' always precedes the noun:
:'''el cocina''', '''el pantalon''', '''el comida''', '''el agua''', '''el camino''', '''el trapo'''
==== Plural nouns ====
In Chavacano, plural nouns (whether masculine or feminine in Spanish context) are preceded by the retained singular masculine Spanish article 'el'. The Spanish articles 'los' and 'las' have almost disappeared. They have been replaced by the modifier (a plural marker) 'maga/mana' which precedes the singular form of the noun. Maga comes from the native Tagalog or Cebuano 'mga'. The formation of the Chavacano plural form of the noun (el + maga/mana + singular noun form) applies whether in common, familiar or formal mode.
There are some Chavacano speakers (especially older Caviteño or Zamboangueño speakers) who would tend to say 'mana' for 'maga'. 'Mana' is accepted and quite common, especially among older speakers, but when in doubt, the modifier 'maga' to pluralize nouns is safer to use.
{| class="wikitable"
!English plural noun
!Chavacano plural noun (masculine)
!Chavacano plural noun (feminine)
|-
|the teachers
|el maga/mana maestro(s)
|el maga/mana maestra(s)
|-
|the witches
|el maga/mana burujo(s)
|el maga/mana buruja(s)
|-
|the engineers
|el maga/mana engeniero(s)
|el maga/mana engeniera(s)
|-
|the tailors/seamstresses
|el maga/mana sastrero(s)
|el maga/mana sastrera(s)
|-
|the babies
|el maga/mana niño(s)
|el maga/mana niña(s)
|-
|the priests/nuns
|el maga/mana padre(s)
|el maga/mana madre(s)
|-
|the grandsons/granddaughters
|el maga/mana nieto(s)
|el maga/mana nieta(s)
|-
|the professors
|el maga/mana profesor(es)
|el maga/mana profesora(s)
|-
|the councilors
|el maga/mana consejal(es)
|el maga/mana consejala(s)
|}
Again, this rule is not rigid (especially in the Zamboangueño formal mode). The articles 'los' or 'las' do exist sometimes before nouns that are pluralized in the Spanish manner, and their use is quite accepted:
:'''los caballeros''', '''los dias''', '''las noches''', '''los chavacanos''', '''los santos''', '''las mañanas''', '''las almujadas''', '''las mesas''', '''las plumas''', '''las cosas'''
When in doubt, it is always safe to use 'el' and 'maga or mana' to pluralize singular nouns:
:'''el maga/mana caballero(s)''', '''el maga/mana dia(s)''', '''el maga/mana noche(s)''', '''el maga/mana chavacano(s)''', '''el maga/mana santo(s)''', '''el maga/mana dia(s) que viene''' (this is a phrase; 'el maga/mana mañana' is uncommon), '''el maga/mana almujada(s)''', '''el maga/mana mesa(s)''', '''el maga/mana pluma(s)'''
In Chavacano, it is common for some nouns to become doubled when pluralized (called ''[[Reduplication]]'', a characteristic of the Malayo-Polynesian family of languages):
:'''el maga cosa-cosa''' (el maga cosa/s is common), '''el maga casa-casa''' (el maga casa is common), '''el maga gente-gente''' (el maga gente is common), el maga '''bata-bata''' (el maga bata, 'child', is common), '''el maga juego-juego''' (el maga juego is common)
In general, the suffixes -s, -as, -os to pluralize nouns in Spanish have also almost disappeared in Chavacano. However, the formation of plural nouns with suffixes ending in -s, -as, and -os are accepted. Basically, the singular form of the noun is retained, and it becomes plural because of the preceding modifier/plural marker 'maga' or 'mana':
:'''el maga/mana caballeros''' (accepted)
:'''el maga/mana caballero''' (correct)
:'''el maga/mana dias''' (accepted)
:'''el maga/mana dia''' (correct)
Adding the suffix -es to some nouns is quite common and accepted. Nouns ending in -cion can be also be pluralized by adding the suffix -es:
:'''el maga meses''', '''el maga mujeres''', '''el maga mayores''', '''el maga tentaciones''', '''el maga contestaciones''', '''el maga naciones''', '''el maga organizaciones'''
However, it is safer to use the general rule (when in doubt) of retaining the singular form of the noun preceded by the modifier/plural marker 'maga' or 'mana':
:'''el maga mes''', '''el maga mujer''', '''el maga mayor''', '''el maga tentacion''', '''el maga contestacion''', '''el maga nacion''', '''el maga organizacion'''
=== Verbs ===
In Zamboangueño, Chavacano verbs are mostly Spanish in origin. In contrast with the other dialects, there is rarely a Zamboangueño verb that is based on or has its origin from other Philippine languages. Hence, verbs contribute much of the Spanish vocabulary in Chavacano de Zamboanga.
Generally, the simple form of the Zamboangueño verb is based upon the infinitive of the Spanish verb, minus the final /r/. For example, ''continuar'', ''hablar'', ''poner'', ''recibir'', and ''llevar'' become ''continuá'', ''hablá'', ''poné'', ''recibí'', and ''llevá'' with the accent on the final syllable.
There are some rare exceptions. Some verbs are not derived from infinitives but from words that are technically Spanish phrases or from other Spanish verbs. For example, ''dar'' (give) doesn't become 'da' but ''dale'' (give) (literally in Spanish, to "give it" [verb phrase]). In this case, ''dale'' has nothing to do with the Spanish infinitive ''dar''. The Chavacano ''brinca'' (to hop) is from Spanish ''brinco'' which means the same thing.
====Verb Tenses====
=====Simple tenses=====
Chavacano (especially Zamboangueño) uses the words ''ya'' (from Spanish ''ya'' [has/have been]), ''ta'' (from Spanish ''está'' [is]), and ''hay'' plus the simple form of the verb to convey the basic tenses of [[past tense|past]], [[present tense|present]], and [[future tense|future]] respectively:
{| class="wikitable"
!English Infinitive
!Spanish Infinitive
!Chavacano Infinitive
!Past Tense
!Present Tense
!Future Tense
|-
|to sing
|cantar
|canta
|ya canta
|ta canta
|hay canta
|-
|to drink
|beber
|bebe
|ya bebe
|ta bebe
|hay bebe
|-
|to sleep
|dormir
|dormi
|ya dormi
|ta dormi
|hay dormi
|}
The Chabacano of Cavite and Ternate uses the words ''ya'', ''ta'', and ''di'' plus the simple form of the verb to convey the basic tenses of [[past tense|past]], [[present tense|present]], and [[future tense|future]] respectively:
{| class="wikitable"
!English Infinitive
!Spanish Infinitive
!Chabacano Infinitive
!Past Tense
!Present Tense
!Future Tense
|-
|to sing
|cantar
|canta
|ya canta
|ta canta
|di canta
|-
|to drink
|beber
|bebe
|ya bebe
|ta bebe
|di bebe
|-
|to sleep
|dormir
|dormi
|ya dormi
|ta dormi
|di dormi
|}
=====Perfect constructions=====
In Zamboangueño, there are three ways to express that the verb is in the [[present perfect]]. First, ''ya'' can appear both before and after the main verb to express that in the present perspective, the action has already been completed somewhere in the past with the accent falling on the final ''ya''. Second, ''ta'' and ''ya'' can appear before and after the verb respectively to express that the action was expected to happen in the past (but did not happen), is still expected to happen in the present, and actually the expectation has been met (the verb occurs in the present). And third, a verb between ''ta'' and ''pa'' means an action started in the past and still continues in the present:
{| class="wikitable"
!Chavacano Past Perfect
!Chavacano Present Perfect
!Chavacano Present Perfect
|-
|ya canta ya
|ta canta ya
|ta canta pa
|-
|ya bebe ya
|ta bebe ya
|ta bebe pa
|-
|ya dormi ya
|ta dormi ya
|ta dormi pa
|}
The [[past perfect]] exists in Chavacano. The words ''antes'' (before) and ''despues'' (after) can be used between two sentences in the simple past form to show which verb came first. The words ''antes'' (before) and ''despues'' (after) can also be used between a sentence in the present perfect using ''ya'' + verb + ''ya'' and another sentence in the simple past tense:
{| class="wikitable"
!Past Perfect (Chavacano)
!Past Perfect (English)
|-
|Ya mira kame el pelicula antes ya compra kame con el maga gulusinas.
|We had watched the movie before we bought the snacks.
|}
{| class="wikitable"
!Past Perfect (Chavacano)
!Past Perfect (English)
|-
|Ya mira ya kame el pelicula despues ya compra kame con el maga gulusinas.
|We had watched the movie and then we bought the snacks.
|}
Chavacano uses a verb between "hay" and "ya" to denote the [[future perfect]] and [[past perfect]] respectively:
{| class="wikitable"
!Future Perfect (Chavacano)
!Future Perfect (English)
|-
|Hay mira ya kame el pelicula si hay llega vosotros.
|We will have watched the movie when you arrive.
|}
====Passive and Active Voice====
To form the Zamboanga Chavacano active voice, Chavacanos of Zamboanga follow the pattern:
'''El maga soldao ya mata con el criminal'''
The criminal was killed by soldiers.
As illustrated above, active (causative) voice is formed by placing the doer ''el maga soldao'' before the verb phrase ''ya mata'' and then the object ''el criminal'' as indicated by the particle ''con''
Traditionally, Zamboanga Chavacano does not have a passive construction of its own.
* [http://www.zamboanga.com/z/index.php?title=Chavacano Diccionario Ingles, Español, Chavacano]
Un gran saludo: --[[User:Guaicaipuro|Guaicaipuro]]
*muchísimas gracias, valoro bastante tu bienvenida y tu buen post, grandes saludos --[[User:X4v13r3|X4v13r3]]
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